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OPEC+ caught between a crisis and a surplus
After overcoming a COVID-induced demand collapse with several years of successful market management, geopolitical events have conspired to provide the pact’s biggest test to date
The illusion of supply: Rethinking energy security when oil cannot move
Demand for oil is falling because supply cannot meet it, not because it is no longer required
OPEC+’s 11m b/d March production collapse
Petroleum Economist analysis highlights sharp shift from crude oversupply to market deficit, with Iraq and Kuwait badly affected and key producers Saudi Arabia and the UAE also seeing output sharply lower
The demand destruction timebomb
It is not a case of if or when, but the length and magnitude of economic damage from elevated oil prices
Lessons from the crisis
The US-Iran conflict demonstrates the need for diversification in several senses of the word. It also exposes the limits of Washington applying pressure on major oil and gas producers it considers geopolitical adversaries
Letter from the US: The oil market abyss
The overlooked oil supply issue is that even after the Strait of Hormuz opens, barrels won’t readily return
Middle East chaos creates new oil and gas trends
A complex and sometimes contradictory web of factors that include unpredictable oil prices, the globalisation of LNG markets, the expansion of Middle Eastern sovereign capital and the growth of datacentre demand will shape the energy landscape beyond 2026
The key arteries of the energy world
The Strait of Hormuz crisis highlights how key waterways can become global chokepoints
Through the oil looking glass
The extent of the US-Israel war with Iran means there will be no going back to the previous market equilibrium no matter how the conflict ends
Do not fear runaway Henry Hub prices
Rising LNG exports and AI-driven power demand have raised concerns that US gas prices could climb sharply, but analysts say abundant shale supply and continued productivity gains should keep Henry Hub within a range that preserves the competitiveness of US LNG
Crude oil terminal in Xuwei Port area of Lianyungang Port, Jiangsu
Outlook 2025
Markets
David Wech
16 December 2024
Follow @PetroleumEcon
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Outlook 2025: Crude markets look forward to brighter 2025

China drove the market for crude into the doldrums in 2024 with a big drop in demand, but a turnaround looks likely next year

At the time of writing this analysis, the jury is still out on the final oil demand growth figures for 2024. But one thing is for sure: the foremost forecasters and market participants have been deeply disappointed by the oil market’s performance. We at Vortexa track all seaborne oil and gas flows. Unfortunately, the picture looks even bleaker than the demand assessments. Based on data for the first ten months of 2024 vs the same period of 2023, seaborne shipments of all oil were down by 500,000b/d, with 300,000b/d of this accounted for by crude. Only LPG arrivals were up, by about 100,000b/d, thanks to rising US exports, while motor fuels were flat, with the remainder of the decline account

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OPEC+ caught between a crisis and a surplus
21 April 2026
After overcoming a COVID-induced demand collapse with several years of successful market management, geopolitical events have conspired to provide the pact’s biggest test to date
Letter from Iran: Nuclear miscalculation
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21 April 2026
The regime’s policy of using nuclear ambiguity as a deterrent may have failed but it has realised it has other cards to play, while its neighbours are reappraising their approach to security
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