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Energy dominance as diplomatic leverage
Energy sanctions are becoming an increasingly prominent tool of US foreign policy, with the country’s growth in oil and gas production allowing it to impose pressure on rivals without jeopardising its own energy security or that of its allies, argues Matthew McManus, a visiting fellow at the National Center for Energy Analytics
Explainer: Fujairah on high alert
With the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed following US-Israel strikes and Iran’s retaliatory escalation, Fujairah has become the region’s critical pressure release valve—and is now under serious threat
Middle East oil vulnerabilities have been exposed
The killing of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei in US–Israeli strikes marks the most serious escalation in the region in decades and a bigger potential threat to the oil market than the start of the Russia-Ukraine crisis
How Hormuz chokehold threatens LNG buyers
A potential blockade of the Strait of Hormuz following the escalating US-Iran conflict risks disrupting Qatari LNG exports that underpin global gas markets, exposing Asia and other markets to sharp price spikes, cargo shortages and renewed reliance on dirtier fuels
EU sanctions push stalls ahead of fourth anniversary of Russian invasion
As Europe marks the fourth anniversary of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, EU efforts to tighten sanctions on Moscow have stalled
Letter from Iran: Testing times for Tehran-Beijing crude dynamics
Growing pressure from the Trump administration continues to threaten a resilient China-Iran oil nexus
Explainer: Iran’s indispensable energy role
The country’s global energy importance and domestic political fate are interlocked, highlighting its outsized oil and gas powers, and the heightened fallout risk
Europe’s rising energy security challenge
Across Europe, countries have grappled with balancing ambitious energy transition plans with realities about security of supply
Venezuela’s true oil potential
The Latin American producer’s crude prospects rely on a multi-pronged approach where even the relatively easy wins will take considerable time, effort and cost
Outlook 2006: The North Sea’s next chapter – From backbone to blueprint
The next five years will be critical for the North Sea, and it will be policy not geology that will decide the basin’s future
Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov (left) Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi (centre) and Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi at a meeting in March
Opinion
Politics Iran
Danial Rahmat
Tehran
19 March 2025
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Letter from Iran: High-stakes nuclear diplomacy

Iran’s oil is caught in the crosshairs of support from China and Russia and US maximum pressure, with options becoming more and more limited

Iran's nuclear talks have once again made headlines as US President Donald Trump has threatened Tehran with a deadline—either reach an agreement or face military action. His remarks have been met with strong reactions from Iranian officials, who have emphasised they will not negotiate under pressure. Ayatollah Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, has rejected talks with the US, deeming it a "bullying" government. He also described negotiations with the US as unwise and dishonourable, expressions that make any form of negotiation particularly challenging for Iran’s moderate government. It will be China that decides whether to preserve Iran and defend Chinese companies dealing with the Middl

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