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Outlook 2026: South America’s oil growth story masks hidden risks
Brazil, Guyana and Argentina to lead additional crude supply increases, but the rest of the region remains patchy
Mexico must overhaul its NOC
Crucial structural reforms and change in operating philosophy are needed to arrest PEMEX’s ongoing decline and restore oil production growth
Mexico’s upstream Pemex gamble
The government refuses to expand E&P access despite the NOC’s high debt pile, falling crude output and growing gas import dependence
Major upstream decline threatens Mexico’s energy security
Dire crude projections and heavy debt burden are weighing heavily on NOC Pemex
Pemex scrambles to plug the gap
The NOC’s dire financial situation and maturing fields have left the authorities with little choice but to reduce crude expectations
Hydrocarbon Processing Refining Databook 2025: Americas
The US and Canada are boosting capacity builds for renewable diesel and biofuels, while Central and South American countries are investing heavily to upgrade and expand their domestic refining sectors
Latin America’s evolving crude outlook
New supply from Argentina, Brazil and Guyana is rich in middle distillates, but optimism in terms of volume growth remains tempered by regulatory and technical risks as well as price volatility
Mexico’s energy ambitions weigh heavily on Pemex
The government’s resource nationalism is aggravating the NOC’s debt position and could yet worsen if also tasked with the decarbonisation shift
Outlook 2025: The importance of ensuring a just transition for developing nations
While the global energy transition is essential for reaching net zero, it is equally important that less-developed countries are allowed to realise the benefits of their hydrocarbon resources
Mexico’s new president faces fiscal crunch
While greater focus on decarbonisation is likely, economic pressures and huge debt burden could squeeze energy policy ambitions
Mexico Guyana Pemex
Justin Jacobs
9 November 2017
Follow @PetroleumEcon
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Mexico—zero to hero

A string of successful auctions has set the stage for an exploration boom in Mexican waters

Mexico's energy reforms are opening vast areas of the country to explorers, and if early results are any guide it may prove to be fertile hunting grounds. The first post-reform exploration well in Mexico was a blockbuster. A consortium led by Gulf of Mexico specialist Talos Energy found as much as 2bn barrels in place at its shallow-water Zama-1 well in a lightly explored area of the Sureste Basin. It is likely one of the three largest offshore discoveries in the world over the past five years, comparable to ExxonMobil's Liza find off Guyana's coast. Unlike Guyana and other frontier areas, however, Zama is near shore in a country with an already developed oil and gas infrastructure, reducing

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